Fundamental Concept of Computer || Computer's Fundamental || Working Principle of Computer
Computer Introduction
The greatest scientific
achievement of 20th century is Computer development. This is one of the
wonderful and probably the most power too ever developed. The computer has
brought many changes in our daily life. Now days, the computer is essential
device for most of the organizations, offices as well as individual for
different purposes.
Computer is an
electronic device which can perform varieties of tasks according to the set of
instructions given to it. The computer accepts raw data from the user and produces
meaningful result after processing.
The word computer is
derived from the Latin word “computare” which means to compute or calculate.
Especially computers are designed for calculating purpose.
But the use and purpose
of computer is not limited to the computation these days. Computer can be used
in different fields for various purposes such as withdrawing money from banks
through ATM (Automated Teller Machine), making online shopping through credit
card, preparing salary sheet, making communication through internet of
networking etc.
Some Definition of Computer:
1.
Computer is an electronic machine which
accepts raw data from the users, processes the data according to the predefined
set of instructions, gives and stores the result as information.
2.
A computer is an electronic device which
generates information by means of data processing. It can also store the
information for future purpose and make them accessible when required.
Working Principle of Computer:
Computer is known as
information processing machine (IPM) because it converts data into information
by performing various actions on the data. The conversion of raw data into
useful information is key task of computer. Thus the working principle of
computer is based on the following four steps.
Ø Input:
This is the first step of computer working in which computer takes raw data
from the user through input devices such as keyboard, mouse, etc and provides
in computer understandable form for processing.
Ø Processing:
This is the second step of computer working in which computer’s processor (CPU)
processes the input data based on predefined set of instructions. After
processing data it sends them to the output device under the supervision of
control unit.
Ø Output:
This is the third step of computer working in which the computer displays the
output as meaningful information through output devices such as monitor,
printer, etc.
Ø Storage:
This is another/last step of computer working in which the computer stores the
processed information permanently on storage devices such as hard disk, CD/DVD,
etc.
The basic working
principle of computer can be made clear through the given figure
